The study of genetics is transforming our understanding of how our bodies form and develop. You can think of genes as the instructions our bodies follow to build the proteins that, ultimately, make us. We inherit many of our genes, and therefore many of our physical characteristics, from our parents. Researchers are discovering that a lot of birth defects and illnesses are caused or influenced by genes as well.
The consequences of this knowledge for individuals and families are complex and have created the need for genetic counsellors.
One of the main fields for genetic counsellors is pre-natal work. If there is a serious disorder or illness in your family, you may be able to get an estimate of how likely your child will be to suffer from it. Some people seek this information before they decide to have children. In other cases, signs of genetic disorder appear once a pregnancy has begun. Genetic counsellors explain what tests are available and help people understand the complicated science involved in genetic risk.
If a problem is detected during pregnancy, genetic counsellors are there to provide emotional support as well as medical information. Parents may have to decide whether or not to continue a pregnancy. This is a deeply personal decision, and genetic counsellors never try to advise people what to do. Rather, they identify the risks and options as clearly as possible, so that parents can make well-informed decisions in accordance with their own values.
The genetic counsellor will provide information about the chance of another pregnancy being similarly affected, and about options such as adoption or the use of reproductive technologies.
Some genetic counsellors are also involved in pediatrics. They work with medical geneticists to collect information and teach parents about genetic conditions in children.
A growing number of genetic counsellors specialize in helping families understand the genetics of adult diseases, such as cancer. As research on the genetic factors involved in infertility, heart conditions, and psychiatric conditions advances, genetic counsellors are moving into those areas as well.
Because they work closely with so many clients, there is a research component in genetic counsellors’ work. They stay abreast of current research on human genetics, and keep records of the individuals and families they see. They also teach other professionals and the public about genetics and genetic counselling.